How to Write a Biography for KS3 English — Structure and Key Features

A biography is a non-fiction account of a real person's life, written by someone else. At KS3 the task tests whether you can write in an organised, informative and engaging way — selecting significant events, maintaining a consistent third-person voice, and using language that informs rather than merely lists facts.

What is the purpose of a biography?

A biography does more than list a person's achievements. Its purpose is to help the reader understand someone — their character, motivations, challenges and impact — through the events of their life. The best biographies raise questions: Why did this person make the choices they did? What shaped them? What can we learn from them?

At KS3, the DfE national curriculum expects students to write for a variety of non-fiction purposes, including to "inform, explain and describe." A biography sits firmly in this category, but a strong biography also analyses and evaluates — it does not simply report.

What are the key features of a biography?

Feature | What it means in practice
Third-person voice | "She decided to..." not "I decided to..."
Chronological structure | Events in time order, usually
Formal register | Accurate, measured language; not chatty or casual
Evidence and facts | Dates, places, achievements, verified detail
Evaluative language | Judgements on significance: "This proved to be a turning point..."
Quotes from the subject | Bring the person's own voice in, in inverted commas
Biographical present (option) | Some biographers use present tense for vividness: "She walks into the courtroom..."

Step 1: Research and select — do not use everything

Good biographies are selective. You will find far more information about your subject than you can use. Your job is to choose the events, achievements and moments that best illuminate who this person is and why they matter.

Ask: which three or four moments in this person's life best explain who they became? Which challenges shaped them? What is their most significant contribution? These are the moments your biography must cover. Everything else can be left out.

Step 2: Write an introduction that makes the reader care

Your opening should do two things: establish who the subject is and why they are worth reading about. Do not open with "This biography is about..." — open with a vivid, engaging claim.

Weak opening: "Marie Curie was a scientist who discovered some elements. She was born in Poland in 1867."

Strong opening: "Marie Curie discovered two radioactive elements, won two Nobel Prizes — in different scientific disciplines — and did so in a century when women were barred from universities in her home country. Her life is one of the most remarkable stories in the history of science."

The second opening establishes significance immediately and gives the reader a reason to continue.

Step 3: Structure the body chronologically, but use topic focus

Most biographies move through time — childhood, early career, major achievement, later life. This is the most natural structure for KS3 and is expected in most school tasks.

Within that chronological frame, each paragraph should have a clear focus — one stage of life, one key challenge, one period of achievement — rather than mixing events randomly. A useful plan:

Early life and background (what formed them?)

Key challenge or obstacle they overcame

Major achievement(s) and their significance

Legacy — what did they leave behind?

Step 4: Show significance, not just sequence

The most common weakness in KS3 biography writing is that students report events without explaining why they matter. Every paragraph should include at least one evaluative sentence that tells the reader the significance of what you are describing.

Sequence only (avoid): "In 1903 Marie Curie won the Nobel Prize in Physics. In 1911 she won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry."

Sequence with significance: "In 1903 Marie Curie became the first woman to win a Nobel Prize — an achievement that broke a barrier which many had assumed was permanent. Her second Nobel Prize in 1911, this time in Chemistry, remains a milestone: she is still one of only two people to have won Nobel Prizes in two different sciences."

The evaluative sentences transform a list of facts into a narrative of significance.

Step 5: Use quotation and evidence

A biography gains authority from evidence. Where possible, weave in brief quotes from the subject, from contemporaries, or from historical records. This makes your writing more convincing and more vivid.

Introduce quotes cleanly:

"As Curie herself remarked, 'Nothing in life is to be feared; it is only to be understood.'"

"Her colleague Ernest Rutherford described her as..."

Do not drop in a long quote without context or comment. Introduce it, include it, and then explain what it reveals about the person.

Common mistakes in KS3 biography writing

Writing in first person — biographies use third person ("she," "he," "they"), not first person ("I").

Starting at birth and narrating everything — be selective. A biography that covers every year from birth to death is a timeline, not an essay.

Forgetting to explain significance — every fact should serve a purpose. Ask "so what?" after every sentence.

Copying from the internet — KS3 biography tasks assess your ability to synthesise and write. Copying is plagiarism; paraphrasing in your own words is the required skill.

Frequently asked questions

Does a KS3 biography have to be in chronological order?

Chronological order is the most common and reliable structure at KS3, and it is what most teachers expect. Some published biographies use thematic structures (grouping by theme rather than time), but for school tasks chronological organisation is clearer and less risky. Unless your teacher specifies otherwise, move through the person's life in time order.

How long should a KS3 biography be?

Most classroom tasks ask for 400 to 600 words. Your teacher may specify. Whatever the length, the priority is quality of selection and analysis, not length. A 450-word biography with clear structure, evaluative language and well-chosen evidence is stronger than a 700-word one that merely lists facts.

Should you include only positive facts in a biography?

No. A strong biography is honest about challenges, failures and contradictions. Including difficulties and how the subject responded to them makes the biography more believable and more interesting. Mentioning that Marie Curie faced significant sexism, for example, makes her achievements more meaningful, not less.

What is the difference between a biography and an autobiography?

A biography is written about someone by another writer. An autobiography is written by the subject about their own life. As a result, an autobiography uses first person ("I", "my") and gives direct access to the subject's thoughts and feelings, but may also be selective or self-serving in ways a biography written by an outside researcher might avoid.

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