AQA vs Edexcel GCSE Maths: What's the Difference?

AQA and Edexcel GCSE maths cover the same national curriculum content because Ofqual mandates it. The real differences lie in paper style, question wording, and grade boundaries. For most students, the choice of exam board is made by the school — but understanding which board your child is entered for helps you choose the right revision materials.

Why there are different GCSE maths exam boards

In England, GCSE qualifications are regulated by Ofqual, which sets the content requirements that all awarding bodies must meet. This means AQA, Edexcel (published by Pearson), and OCR GCSE maths qualifications all cover the same topics — number, algebra, ratio and proportion, geometry, probability, and statistics. No board has harder content than another in that sense.

What differs between the boards is how they design their question papers: the style of language, the types of problems set, the distribution of marks between topics, and the grade boundaries published after each exam series. These differences are real and matter for revision strategy.

AQA and Edexcel are by far the most widely used GCSE maths exam boards in England. Understanding which your child's school uses — and what that means for their revision — is the purpose of this guide.

AQA GCSE Maths: what to expect

AQA is the largest GCSE maths exam board in England by entries. Its GCSE maths qualification (8300) consists of three papers: Paper 1 (non-calculator), Paper 2 (calculator), and Paper 3 (calculator). Each paper is 1 hour 30 minutes and worth 80 marks, for a total of 240 marks.

AQA papers are well-regarded for clear question wording. Questions tend to be structured so that the mathematical demand escalates through each paper — accessible entry-level questions in the first few pages, harder problem-solving in the latter section. Context questions (where maths is set in a real-world scenario) appear throughout.

AQA maths characteristics:

Three papers: one non-calculator, two calculator

Questions often have a clear problem-solving narrative

Typically includes a proportion of multi-step questions where method marks can be earned even if the final answer is wrong

Grade boundaries can vary significantly between exam series depending on how the cohort performs

Edexcel GCSE Maths: what to expect

Edexcel (Pearson) is the second largest GCSE maths exam board. Its GCSE maths qualification (1MA1) follows the same three-paper structure as AQA: Paper 1 (non-calculator) and Papers 2 and 3 (calculator), each 1 hour 30 minutes and 80 marks.

Edexcel papers are sometimes characterised by teachers as slightly more procedural in style — questions that test the execution of standard methods clearly. However, the higher tier Edexcel papers include demanding problem-solving and proof questions, particularly in later papers.

Edexcel maths characteristics:

Three papers: one non-calculator, two calculator

Question wording tends to be direct, with a clear mathematical request

Proof and reasoning questions appear, particularly at higher tier

A large bank of past papers and mark schemes is freely available (Edexcel releases papers promptly)

Side-by-side comparison

Criterion | AQA GCSE Maths | Edexcel GCSE Maths
Awarding body | AQA | Pearson Edexcel
Qualification code | 8300 | 1MA1
Paper structure | 3 papers (1 non-calc, 2 calc) | 3 papers (1 non-calc, 2 calc)
Total marks | 240 | 240
Question style | Narrative problem-solving common | Clear, direct mathematical requests
Past paper availability | Freely available on AQA website | Freely available on Pearson website
Curriculum content | Identical (Ofqual mandated) | Identical (Ofqual mandated)
Grade boundaries | Varies each series | Varies each series
Most widely used regions | Nationwide; strong in the North | Nationwide; strong in the South and London
Formula sheet provided | No (foundation); partial (higher) | No (foundation); partial (higher)

What the grade boundaries actually mean

The most common misconception among parents is that one exam board is "harder" than the other in a fixed sense. In practice, Ofqual's comparable outcomes policy means that broadly similar proportions of students achieve each grade across boards in any given year. If AQA's grade 5 boundary is 30% of total marks and Edexcel's is 37%, this does not mean AQA is easier — it means one paper was harder than the other that year, and the boundary was adjusted accordingly.

What genuinely matters more than which board your child is entered for is the quality and relevance of their revision. Working through past papers from the correct exam board, in the correct format, with mark schemes from that board — this is what makes the difference.

How to revise for AQA vs Edexcel maths

The revision strategy is the same either way: practise problems, check answers, understand errors, practise again. The exam-board-specific adjustments are:

Use past papers from your child's actual board. AQA and Edexcel papers are freely available on their websites and through revision sites like Maths Genie.

Read mark schemes carefully. The language each board uses to describe full-mark answers differs slightly — AQA mark schemes often specify "any correct method" while Edexcel may require specific notation for certain topics.

Focus on the correct formula reference. Neither foundation nor higher tier provides a complete formula sheet, but the topics where formulae are and are not provided differ slightly. Confirm with your child's teacher.

Practise in exam conditions. Time management matters — both boards expect all three papers to be sat in a defined window in May/June.

Frequently asked questions

Can I choose which GCSE maths exam board my child sits?

No — the choice is made by the school, not by individual families. Schools select an exam board for all students in that cohort, and the choice is usually driven by the school's relationship with the exam board's resources, CPD, and marking support. If you are unsure which board your child is entered for, ask their maths teacher — the board is stated on every mock paper and in the school's exam information.

Is AQA or Edexcel maths harder?

Neither board is consistently harder than the other. Ofqual's comparable outcomes policy ensures that grade distributions are broadly similar across boards each year. The difficulty of a particular exam series depends on the papers set that year, and grade boundaries are adjusted to compensate. Students sitting AQA or Edexcel are not systematically advantaged or disadvantaged relative to those on the other board.

Do revision resources differ between AQA and Edexcel maths?

The curriculum content is the same, so most revision guides — including CGP, Maths Genie worksheets, and BBC Bitesize — are relevant to both. The main exception is past papers and mark schemes, which are board-specific. Always practise with past papers from your child's own board, downloaded from AQA's or Pearson's website. This ensures the question style, wording, and marking conventions are exactly what your child will face in the exam.

Does it matter which exam board my child's AI tutor is trained on?

A good AI tutor for GCSE maths should cover the full national curriculum content, which is shared across all boards. What matters more is that the AI tutor uses exam-style questioning and, where relevant, reinforces the terminology and approach expected by the specific board. When your child is close to exams, practising directly with past papers from their board — marked against the real mark scheme — is the most targeted preparation, regardless of which AI tutor they use for concept practice.

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