How to Structure GCSE English Language Paper 1

GCSE English Language Paper 1 is a 1 hour 45 minute exam worth 80 marks, split into reading and writing sections. Section A tests your response to an unseen literary fiction extract; Section B invites you to produce your own creative or descriptive writing. Time management between the two sections is as important as the writing itself.

Note: the information below reflects the AQA specification (8700). Other exam boards (OCR, Pearson/Edexcel) have different structures — always check your own board's specification.

What is on GCSE English Language Paper 1?

Paper 1 has two sections:

Section A — Reading (40 marks): You read one unseen extract of literary fiction — typically an opening or extract from a novel or short story — and answer four questions based on it.

Section B — Writing (40 marks): You produce one piece of extended creative or descriptive writing. You are given a choice (usually two options), and the prompt relates thematically to the reading text.

Both sections are worth 40 marks, but Section B carries separate marks for content and organisation (24 marks) and technical accuracy — spelling, punctuation, and grammar (16 marks).

How much time should you spend on each question?

Question | Marks | Recommended time | What it tests
Q1 | 4 | 5 minutes | Select and list four things from a specific section of the text
Q2 | 8 | 10 minutes | Analyse how the writer uses language in a given section
Q3 | 8 | 10 minutes | Analyse how the writer structures the whole text
Q4 | 20 | 20 minutes | Evaluate the text and assess how effectively the writer achieves a stated effect
Reading total | 40 | 45 minutes | —
Q5 | 40 | 45 minutes (+ 5 min planning) | Original creative or descriptive writing
Total | 80 | 1h 45min | —

Leave five minutes at the start to read the extract and five minutes at the end to check Q5 for technical errors.

How should you approach Questions 1 to 3?

Question 1 is a retrieval task — find and list four things. Do not explain or analyse; simply lift the information from the correct lines. If you add analysis to Q1, you waste time and earn no extra marks.

Question 2 focuses on language. You are given a specific section of the text and asked how the writer uses language to achieve a particular effect. Structure your answer using the PEEZL framework: Point, Evidence, Explain, Zoom (analyse a specific word), Link. Aim for three to four developed analytical paragraphs. Do not comment on structure in Q2 — save those points for Q3.

Question 3 focuses on structure — how the text is built across its full length. Structural features to comment on include: where the writer starts (the hook), changes in narrative focus or pace, the order in which information is revealed, shifts in time, and how the ending relates to the opening. Use the same analytical paragraph structure but avoid repeating language comments you made in Q2.

How should you approach Question 4?

Question 4 is the most complex reading question and worth 20 marks. It asks you to evaluate — which means to make a judgement about how effectively the writer achieves a stated effect or outcome, and to support that judgement with detailed reference to the text.

The key word is evaluate. You are not just analysing; you are assessing how successfully the technique works. Useful sentence structures include:

"The writer is particularly effective at... because..."

"This is less convincing in the final paragraph, where..."

"The reader is initially made to feel X, but this shifts to Y when..."

A strong Q4 response will make a clear evaluative judgement early, sustain it across several points, and remain anchored to the text with well-chosen quotations. Avoid simply listing language techniques without judgement.

How should you approach Question 5?

Question 5 is your creative or descriptive writing task. It is worth 40 marks — the same as all four reading questions combined — but many students spend insufficient time on it.

Five principles for Q5:

Plan before you write. Five minutes of planning saves the disaster of a piece that runs out of ideas halfway through. Decide on your perspective, your first sentence, your ending, and three moments in between.

Prioritise your opening. A compelling first sentence earns the examiner's engagement immediately. Start with a specific image, a striking piece of dialogue, or an unusual observation rather than setting the scene conventionally.

Vary your sentence structure. Examiners award high marks for conscious structural choices: short sentences for impact, longer sentences for description or reflection, fragments for emphasis.

Write precisely, not lengthily. A tightly controlled 450-word piece earns more than a rambling 700-word one. Quality of language — specific vocabulary, controlled imagery, deliberate technique — matters more than length.

Leave five minutes to proofread. Sixteen marks are available for technical accuracy. A quick read-through to fix obvious spelling and punctuation errors is time very well spent.

What are the most common mistakes on Paper 1?

Spending too long on Section A. If you spend 60 minutes on the reading questions, you have only 45 minutes for Q5, which is worth the same total marks.

Writing a list for Q2 and Q3 instead of analytical paragraphs. "The writer uses a metaphor, alliteration, and short sentences" earns almost nothing. Each technique needs its own developed analytical point.

Writing a story summary for Q4 instead of an evaluation. Q4 requires you to assess effectiveness, not retell the plot.

Using the same quotation in Q2 and Q3. These questions cover different aspects — save your best language quotations for Q2 and your structural observations for Q3.

Frequently asked questions

Can I write a story for Question 5?

Yes. The prompt usually offers a choice between a descriptive task (describing a scene or place) and a narrative task (writing a story). Both are equally valid. Choose the option you feel most confident about. If you choose narrative, make sure you have a clear structure with a beginning, complication, and some form of resolution — a piece that simply builds without arriving anywhere tends to score lower.

Do I need to write a plan for Question 5?

You are not required to, but it is strongly advisable. A five-minute plan is not wasted time — it is an investment that prevents the most common Q5 failure: a piece that starts promisingly but loses direction or runs out of ideas. Examiners do not mark your plan, so it does not matter how rough it is.

How many paragraphs should Questions 2 and 3 be?

There is no fixed rule, but for an 8-mark question, three to four developed analytical paragraphs is typical. Each paragraph should contain a clear point, a short quotation, an explanation, and a word-level analysis (the Zoom step). Padding with additional superficial points does not earn more marks than three well-developed ones.

Does spelling and punctuation count in the reading answers?

Marks for technical accuracy (SPaG) are awarded only in Section B (Q5). However, unclear or incoherent writing in Section A will make it harder for the examiner to follow your argument, which can indirectly affect your analytical marks. Write as clearly as you can throughout.

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